On January 9, Professor Seth Barrett Tillman, who has studied the meaning of “Office of the United States” since 2008, submitted this interesting amicus in the U.S. Supreme Court in Trump v Anderson. It argues that the President is a not person who “holds any office ” as the term “office” was used when the Constitution was written and also in 1868, when the 14th amendment was written.
Section 3 does not say that it applies to President or Vice-president, but many people assume it does apply because Section 3 applies to congress, presidential electors, and people who “hold any office” under the United States or any state.
Although Professor Tillman is a U.S. citizen, he currently lives and teaches in Ireland.