Three federal lawsuits are still pending on the question of whether presidential electors are free to vote for any person who meets the constitutional qualifications, or whether states can dictate whom they must vote for. The Minnesota case is now pending in the Eighth Circuit, and the oral argument will probably be in February 2018. Abdurrahman v Dayton, 16-4551. The plaintiff, a Democratic presidential elector, was expelled from the state’s meeting of presidential electors in December 2016. He lost in U.S. District Court; that court refused to allow a trial or the presentation of any evidence. The real issue now, in the Eighth Circuit, is whether the U.S. District Court should have permitted evidence.