On June 9, the Maine legislature passed LD 231, which lets independent voters choose a primary ballot, even though they are not members of the party. The bill was originally titled as a bill for an “open primary”, but it was amended to say that it is now a bill for a semi-open primary.
The Maine bill is similar to laws in Arizona and Colorado. More common are states that leave it up to each party that has a primary to decide for itself whether to let independents vote in its primary.
PUBLIC electors in groups / factions.
PUBLIC nominations for PUBLIC offices.
Party gangs can have their PRIVATE clubby stuff.
See 1989 Eu op in SCOTUS.
NC – intervention — amicus brief NOT good enough ???
https://www.courthousenews.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/nc-voter-id-ca4.pdf
Massachusetts also has “semi-open” primaries that require parties to accept “Unenrolled” voters.
All hail Maine, the capital of ballot access!