ALASKA VOTERS PASS RANKED CHOICE VOTING BUT SIMULTANEOUSLY INJURE BALLOT ACCESS

On November 3, Alaska voters passed Measure Two with 50.55% of the vote. It converts elections for partisan office, including president, to ranked choice voting. Unfortunately it also vastly stiffens the definition of a "qualified party". And it restricts the November ballot for congress and partisan state office to only the top four vote-getters in the primary. Past election returns indicate that for elections for Governor and Congress, this will mean only Republicans and Democrats qualify for the November ballot.

Political Party Definition

The old Alaska law lets a group become a qualified party, or keep its party status, two ways. Measure twoeliminates the easier way.

The old law’s easier method for qualifying a party was a vote test of 3%, which only applied to Governor in gubernatorial years. In presidential years, it only applied to U.S. Senate. If there was no U.S. Senate race, then it applied to U.S. House. Although this was a difficult test, the Libertarian Party and the Green Party had each polled 3%, for one of those offices, seven times in the past.

The Libertarian Party polled over 3% for Governor in 1982 and 2014; for U.S. Senate in 2014 and 2016; for U.S. House in 2012, 2014, and 2016. The Green Party polled over 3% for Governor in 1998; for U.S. Senate in 1996, 1998, and 2002; and for U.S. House in 2000, 2002, and 2004.

The other way to qualify was to have registration membership of at least 3% of the last vote cast, which is approximately 2% of the registration total. That method is so difficult, there is no party in any state in the U.S. that meets it, except for Democratic and Republican Parties, and parties that have "Independent" or "Independence" in their names.

Yet that is the only remaining method for a party to have qualified status.

Qualified status is important, because (1) it allows a party to be on the ballot for President with no petition; (2) it allows the party to be listed on the voter registration as a choice.

It is a paradox that the Libertarian Party polled its fifth-highest percentage of the presidential vote in Alaska in 2020, and yet Alaska is one of only 19 states in which the party is not ballot-qualified for any office.

Alaska does have a separate category of qualified party, a "Limited Political Party", which is only ballot-qualified for president. Measure Two did not affect that. But the "Limited Political Party" law is deeply flawed. The Libertarian Party polled 6.05% for President in 2016, yet that showing did not give the party status as a "Limited Political Party" for 2020, because of the peculiar way in which it is written.

Top-Four Exclusionary Effect

Measure Two also injures ballot access for minor parties by providing no means for a candidate to be on the ballot for Congress or partisan state office unless the candidate places in the top four in the primary. The primary does not use ranked choice voting.

For Governor and Congress, invariably there are at least four candidates running in the major party primaries. One must go all the way back to 2002 to find any Alaska primary for statewide office with fewer than four candidates seeking the Democratic or Republican nomination. Assuming that holds true in the future, it is likely that all four of the general election candidates will be Republicans and Democrats, leaving no room for members of other parties.

Here are the number of candidates seeking the Republican and Democratic nominations for statewide office in past primaries, back to 1996:

YEAR	OFFICE	REP	DEM
2020	Senate	1	3
2020	House	3	3
2018	Governor	7	1
2018	House	3	4
2016	Senate	4	2
2016	House	4	3
2014	Governor	4	2
2014	Senate	4	2
2014	House	4	2
2012	House	3	6
2010	Governor	6	2
2010	Senate	2	3
2010	House	3	1
2008	Senate	7	3
2008	House	3	2
2006	Governor	5	3
2006	House	1	4
2004	Senate	4	3
2004	House	1	3
2002	Governor	4	3
2002	Senate	2	2
2002	House	1	2
2000	House	1	3
1998	Governor	3	3
1998	Senate	2	2
1998	House	2	2
1996	Senate	3	7
1996	House	3	1

Efforts will be made to persuade the legislature to alter the definition of a qualified political party. The organizations that backed Measure Two may assist. They did not intend to make the definition of a party more difficult; they were just thoughtless when they drafted the measure.

Massachusetts Question Two, for ranked choice voting for congress and state office, lost 45.2%-54.8%. The measure might have passed without the health crisis. It was difficult to organize a campaign when large public meetings, and door-to-door canvassing, were impossible.

Also, voters are most interested in RCV when there have been recent instances of no one receiving at least 50% of the vote for an important office. Maine voters enacted RCV in 2016 after having seen no one win a majority for Governor in each of the two preceding gubernatorial elections. But nothing like that had happened in Massachusetts since the 2014 gubernatorial election, six years ago.

One-third of all U.S. House elections in Massachusetts in the past fifty years have had only one candidate on the ballot; and about three-fourths of all legislative elections only have one candidate on the ballot. It would have been better if the restrictive ballot access laws of Massachusetts had been eased before an RCV initiative was attempted.

On November 3, Puerto Rico voters voted on statehood. The vote was: yes 536,556 (52.29%); no 489,677 (47.71%). Congress could admit Puerto Rico with a bill, which would only need a majority in each house of Congress.

The turnout in the election was 51%. The same ballot also had gubernatorial and legislative elections.

The Best Candidate: Presidential Nomination in Polarized Times, edited by Eugene D. Mazo and Michael R. Dimino. 408 pages, 2020, Cambridge University Press.

Law professors and others each contributed a chapter about the U.S. presidential nomination process. The resulting seventeen chapters provide a wealth of detail about the flaws, problems and controversies concerned with the process.

Many of the characteristics of the system were not planned by anyone. The emergence of presidential primaries in almost every state, starting in 1972, is often attributed to the McGovern-Fraser Commission, set up by the Democratic National Committee. But the book reveals that the Commission never intended to replace caucuses with primaries. It only wanted to make the caucuses more democratic. But it was deemed so complicated to do that, that state legislatures and party leaders threw up their hands and switched to primaries. By 2020, there were only four states with old-fashioned caucuses.

It is also an accident that Iowa and New Hampshire ended up being first on the calendar. One of the chapters gives the story of how that happened, and discusses the injustice that the voters of two states have such power.

One of the chapters, "Constitutional Law and the Presidential Nomination Process" gives a very useful account of all the U.S. Supreme Court’s decisions about the extent to which parties have a right to set the rules for their own nominations.

Two chapters cover the strange history of public funding for presidential primaries, or other aspects of federal campaign finance law. Another chapter covers the issue of whether there should be a single presidential primary day for the entire nation. Yet another chapter discusses the issue of whether state laws should give parties complete control over which candidates qualify for presidential primary ballots.

A chapter discusses the extent to which delegates should be bound. One chapter covers debates. Yet another chapter traces how new technology has altered campaigns. If you are interested in these topics, this book belongs on your bookshelf.

Florida voters defeated the top-two initiative, Amendment Three. Florida initiatives can’t pass unless they receive 60%. The "yes" vote was 57.03%. There were six initiatives on the ballot, and only two of them failed to pass.

This is the fifth time a statewide top-two measure has failed to pass. The others were California 2004, Arizona 2012, South Dakota 2016, and twice in Oregon, 2014 and 2008. Top-two has won twice, in California in 2010 and Washington in 2004.

The League of Women Voters deserves credit for helping to defeat the Florida measure. Although the League had endorsed open primaries in 2019, at the time it determined that a traditional open primary is superior to top-two. In a traditional open primary, parties have nominees and their own primary ballots,, but any voter is free to choose any party’s primary ballot. The League still endorsed Amendment Three, but in August 2020 it changed its mind and urged that it be defeated.

Colorado voters were asked if they want to repeal their state’s support for the National Popular Vote Compact. The results: 52.33% voted to keep Colorado in the compact.

Maine was the first state to use ranked choice voting for president in a general election this year. Oddly, though, President Trump got over 50% in the northern district, and Joe Biden got over 50% in the southern district, so Maine didn’t need to count second-choice votes.

Ala.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Ariz.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Colo.

Biden

Trump

Blankn

Hamm

Hawkin

Huber

Jorgen

Carroll

Charls

Collins

DeLaF

Hunter

Conn.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

Hawkin

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Del.

Biden

Trump

Hawkin

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

D.C.

Jorgen

Hawkin

Biden

La Riva

Trump

Pierce

~

~

~

~

~

~

Fla.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

DeLaF

LaRiva

Hawkin

Blankn

~

~

~

~

~

Ga.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Hi.

Biden

Blankn

Hawkin

Jorgen

Pierce

Trump

~

~

~

~

~

~

Ill.

Biden

Trump

Hawkin

LaRiva

Carroll

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

Ind.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Iowa

Trump

Biden

DeLaF

Blankn

King

Hawkin

Jorgen

Pierce

West

~

~

~

Ky.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

West

Pierce

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

La.

Biden

Jorgen

Trump

Carroll

Simmon

Boddie

Blankn

Pierce

Hoefl

LaRiva

Kendy

West

Me.

Biden

DeLaF

Hawkin

Jorgen

Trump

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Md.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

Hawkin

Segal

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Mass.

Biden

Hawkin

Jorgen

Trump

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Mich.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

Blankn

Hawkin

DeLaF

~

~

~

~

~

~

Miss.

Biden

Trump

Blankn

Carroll

Collins

Hawkin

Jorgen

Pierce

West

~

~

~

Mo.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

Hawkin

Blankn

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Nev.

Biden

Blankn

Jorgen

Trump

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

N.M.

Hawkin

Jorgen

Biden

Tittle

Trump

LaRiva

~

~

~

~

~

~

N.Y.

Biden

Trump

Trump

Biden

Hawkin

Jorgen

Pierce

~

~

~

~

~

No.C.

Trump

Biden

Blankn

Hawkin

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Okla.

Trump

Jorgen

Biden

Simmon

West

Pierce

~

~

~

~

~

~

Ore.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

Hawkin

Hunter

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Pa.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

R.I.

Trump

Biden

DeLaF

Carroll

LaRiva

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

So.C.

Hawkin

Trump

DeLaF

Jorgen

Biden

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

So.D.

Trump

Jorgen

Biden

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Tenn.

Trump

Biden

Blankn

DeLaF

Hawkin

Jorgen

Kendy

LaRiva

West

~

~

~

Tex.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

Hawkin

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Utah

Pierce

West

Biden

Blankn

Jorgen

McHugh

Hawkin

LaRiva

Trump

~

~

~

Vt.

Biden

Blankn

Carroll

Collins

DeLaF

Duncan

Hawkin

Huber

Jorgen

Kendy

Kopit

LaFon

Va.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

Wa.

Biden

Trump

Jorgen

Hawkin

LaRiva

Kendy

~

~

~

~

~

~

W.V.

Trump

Biden

Jorgen

Hawkin

~

Wis.

Biden

Trump

Blankn

Jorgen

Carroll

~

~

~

~

~

~

~

States not named above either rotate names, or let each county decide. Arkansas and New Jersey let each county decide ballot order. Illinois and Iowa, which are listed above, rotate the order of the qualified parties but put others on the ballot in the order in which they filed their petitions.

States that rotate all candidates are Alaska, California, Idaho, Kansas, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Ohio and Wyoming. Although New Hampshire rotates each party column, only the Republican and Democratic Parties have their own column; all others are squeezed into a third column, and names inside that third column are not rotated.

Colorado, Louisiana, and Vermont each had more than twelve columns, so not everyone fits. The Colorado candidates not listed above were on in this order: Princess Jacob-Fambro, Alyson Kennedy, Joseph Kishore, Kyle Kopitke, Gloria La Riva, Joe McHugh, Brock Pierce, Jordan Scott, and Kanye West. In Vermont, La Riva, McCormic, H. Brooke Paige, Brock Pierce, Zachary Scalf, Jerome Segal, Gary Swing, Donald Trump, and Kanye West. Louisiana: Bill Hammons.

Abbreviations include "Trmp" for Trump, "Jorgen" for Jorgensen, "Kendy" for Kennedy; "Blankn" for Blankenship.

	Biden	Trump	Jorgen	Hawkins	De La Fuente	La Riva	Kanye W.	Blanknship	Pierce
Al	849,624	1,441,170	25,176	?	?	?	?	?	?
Ak	153,502	189,543	8,877	?	317	?	?	1,120	822
Az	1,672,143	1,661,686	51,465	?	?	?	?	?	?
Ar	423,618	759,770	13,130	2,957	1,320	1,335	4,096	2,078	2,138
Ca	11,020,427	5,935,537	185,503	80,026	59,240	50,246	?	?	?
Co	1,803,877	1,364,194	52,427	8,981	636	1,035	8,080	5,060	572
Ct	1,080,680	715,291	20,227	7,538	13	?	?	?	?
De	296,268	200,603	5,000	2,139	?	14	169	?	5
DC	317,323	18,586	2,036	1,726	?	855	?	?	693
Fl	5,297,045	5,668,731	70,324	14,721	5,966	5,712	?	3,902	?
Ga	2,474,507	2,461,837	62,138	?	?	?	?	?	?
Hi	365,802	196,602	5,525	3,814	0	0	0	930	1,181
Id	287,021	554,119	16,404	?	1,491	?	3,632	1,886	2,808
Il	3,457,175	2,436,582	65,982	30,239	?	7,964	?	?	?
In	1,242,413	1,729,516	59,232	988	?	?	?	?	?
Ia	759,061	897,672	19,637	3,075	1,082	?	3,210	1,707	544
Ks	551,144	752,903	29,466	?	?	?	?	?	?
Ky	772,474	1,326,646	26,234	716	?	98	6,483	?	3,599
La	856,034	1,255,776	21,645	0	0	987	4,897	860	749
Me	430,023	359,502	14,176	8,234	1,382	?	?	?	?
Md	1,977,996	974,606	33,406	15,698	22	55	582	?	11
Ma	2,331,327	1,152,871	45,995	18,294	?	?	?	?	?
Mi	2,804,040	2,649,852	60,381	13,718	2,986	?	?	7,235	?
Mn	1,717,049	1,484,048	34,976	10,034	5,611	1,210	7,939	?	5,651
Ms	539,494	756,731	8,025	1,498	?	?	3,639	1,279	659
Mo	1,252,873	1,718,245	41,267	8,281	?	?	?	3,918	?
Mt	244,786	343,602	15,252	?	?	?	?	?	?
Ne	374,583	556,846	20,283	?	?	?	?	?	?
Nv	703,486	669,890	14,783	0	0	0	0	3,138	0
NH	424,921	365,654	13,235	217	?	?	82	?	?
NJ	2,608,258	1,883,242	31,677	14,202	2,728	2,928	?	2,954	?
NM	501,614	401,894	12,585	4,426	?	1,640	?	?	?
NY	4,049,252	2,976,923	52,098	25,706	?	?	?	?	19,574
NC	2,684,292	2,758,775	48,678	12,195	?	?	?	7,549	?
ND.	114,902	235,595	9,393	?	?	?	?	?	?
Oh	2,678,528	3,153,751	67,534	18,807	?	?	?	?	?
Ok	503,890	1,020,280	24,731	0	0	0	5,597	?	2,547
Or	1,323,113	938,616	40,662	11,655	?	?	?	?	?
Pa	3,459,246	3,378,197	79,416	?	?	?	?	?	?
RI	306,192	199,830	5,047	?	923	843	?	?	?
SC	1,091,541	1,385,103	27,916	6,907	1,862	0	0	0	0
SD	150,471	261,043	11,095	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tn.	1,139,289	1,849,467	29,806	4,532	1,836	2,294	10,256	5,350	?
Tx	5,259,120	5,890,333	126,241	33,396	?	350	?	?	?
Ut	560,282	865,140	38,447	5,053	?	1,139	7,213	5,551	2,623
Vt	242,820	112,704	3,608	1,310	48	166	1,269	208	100
Va	2,413,568	1,962,430	64,761	?	?	?	?	?	?
Wa	2,367,252	1,582,560	80,327	18,234	?	4,826	?	?	?
WV	235,870	545,143	10,678	2,598	?	?	?	?	?
Wi	1,630,673	1,610,065	38,491	?	?	?	?	5,144	?
Wy	73,491	193,559	5,768	?	?	?	?	?	2,208
~	79,874,380	73,803,261	1,851,166	391,915	87,463	83,697	67,144	59,869	46,484

State	Requirements		Signatures or Registrations Obtained
	Full Party	Cand.	Lib’t	Green	Consti	Wk. Fam.	Alliance	Marijuana
Ala.	51,588	51,588	2,000	0	0	0	0	0
Alaska	(reg) 10,821	pay fee	6,958	1,540	629	0	18	0
Ariz.	31,686	(est) #40,670	already on	3,900	0	0	0	0
Ark.	10,000	10,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Calif.	(es) (reg) 72,395	65 + fee	already on	already on	211	0	0	0
Colo.	(reg) 1,000	#8,000	already on	already on	already on	0	0	0
Conn.	no procedure	#7,500	already on	already on	can’t start	already on	already on	can’t start
Del.	(est.) (reg) 750	(est.) 7,500	already on	716	270	347	672	0
D.C.	no procedure	#3,000	already on	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Florida	0	pay fee	already on	already on	already on	0	already on	0
Georgia	72,336	#64,354	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Hawaii	833	25	already on	already on	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Idaho	17,348	1,000	already on	can’t start	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Illinois	no procedure	#25,000	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Indiana	no procedure	#44,935	already on	0	0	0	0	0
Iowa	no procedure	#1,500	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kansas	16,714	5,000	already on	0	0	0	0	0
Ky.	no procedure	#5,000	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
La.	(reg) 1,000	#pay fee	already on	already on	267	0	0	0
Maine	in court	#4,000	in court	already on	0	0	0	0
Md.	10,000	10,000	already on	already on	0	0	0	0
Mass.	(est) (reg) 45,500	#10,000	(rg) 19,097	(reg) 3,793	(reg) 307	64	0	0
Mich.	42,506	30,000	already on	already on	already on	0	0	0
Minn.	(est) 165,000	#2,000	0	0	0	0	0	already on
Miss.	be organized	1,000	already on	already on	already on	0	already on	0
Mo.	10,000	10,000	already on	0	already on	0	0	0
Mont.	5,000	#16,959	already on	in court	0	0	0	0
Nebr.	6,980	4,000	already on	0	0	0	0	finished
Nev.	13,557	250	already on	(reg) 1,578	already on	0	0	0
N. Hamp.	23,798	#3,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
N.J.	no procedure	#800	0	0	0	0	0	0
N. M.	3,483	10,260	already on	0	0	0	0	0
N.Y.	no procedure	#45,000	in court	in court	can’t start	already on	can’t start	can’t start
No. Car.	13,757	(est) 110,000	already on	0	0	0	0	0
No. Dak.	7,000	1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Ohio	57,630	5,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
Okla.	35,592	pay fee	already on	0	0	0	0	0
Oregon	27,960	23,737	already on	already on	already on	already on	0	0
Penn.	no procedure	5,000	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
R.I.	18,758	#1,000	0	0	0	0	0	0
So. Car.	10,000	10,000	already on	already on	already on	already on	already on	0
So. Dak.	3,393	3,393	already on	0	0	0	0	0
Tenn.	56,083	25	0	0	0	0	0	0
Texas	83,435	83,435	already on	already on	in court	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Utah	2,000	#1,000	already on	0	already on	0	0	0
Vermont	be organized	#500	already on	0	0	already on	0	0
Virginia	no procedure	#10,000	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	0	0
Wash.	no procedure	#pay fee	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
West Va.	no procedure	#7,610	already on	already on	0	0	0	0
Wisc.	10,000	#2,000	already on	can’t start	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
Wyo.	5,418	5,418	already on	can’t start	already on	can’t start	can’t start	can’t start
States On			32	15	13	5	4	1

#partisan label permitted. "WK FAM" = Working Families. MARIJUANA = Legal Marijuana Now. "(reg.) = registered members. Four years ago at this time, the Libertarians were on in 38 states; Green in 21; Constitution in 13; Working Families in 5.

At the November 2020 election, 25 minor party or independent legislative candidates were elected. An "independent" is someone who was on the ballot as an independent, regardless of how he or she is registered.

Alaska: two independents for the State House, Daniel Ortiz of Ketchikan and Josiah Patkotak of Barrow.

California: one independent for Assembly, Chad Mayes. This is the first time someone other than a Democrat or a Republican has won in a top-two state.

Maine: four independent representatives: Walter Riseman of Harrison, Jeffrey Evangelos of Friendship, William Pluecker of Warren, and Sophia Warren of Scarborough.

Massachusetts: one independent representative, Sussanah Whipps of Athol.

New Mexico: one independent representative, Aileene Barreras of Albuquerque. She is the first independent in the history of the New Mexico legislature.

New York: one independent for Assembly, Rebecca Seawright. She is the first person to be elected to the New York legislature who was not the nominee of a qualified party since 1970. Her partisan label was "Rise and Unite."

Vermont: the Progressive Party elected two State Senators, Christopher Pearson and Anthony Pollina. It elected seven representatives: Emma Mulvaney-Stanak, Brian Cima, Selene Colburn, Taylor Small, Tanya Vyhovsky, Mollie S. Burke, and Heather Suprenant.

Also in Vermont, five independent representatives won: Terry Norris of Shoreham, Paul Lefebvre of Island Pond, Barbara Smith Murphy of Fairfax, Laura Sibilia of Dover, and Kally Pajala of Londonderry.

Wyoming: the Libertarian Party elected a state representative, Marshall Burt. This is the first legislative election the party has won in any state since 2000. Also another Wyoming Libertarian nominee for state representative, Bethany Baldes, lost by only 32 votes.

Also in Wyoming, independent representative Jim Rosco of Teton County was re-elected.

The voter registration chart in the November 2020 B.A.N. did not have enough room to show a breakdown of the "other" minor parties (the parties that did not have their own column). Here is the data:

Alaska: Alaskan Independence 18,458, Veterans 1,282, Alliance 15. California: American Independent 616,584, Peace & Freedom 99,983; Common Sense 9,913; California National 448. Colorado: Unity 2,432, Approval Voting 2,381. Connecticut: Independent Party. Delaware: Independent Party 8,156, American Delta 696, Socialist Workers 121. Florida: Independent Party 163,406, Socialism & Liberation 1,157, Ecology 915. Kentucky: Socialist Workers. Louisiana: Independent Party. Maryland: Working Class 1,469, Bread & Roses 1,003. Massachusetts: Socialist 1,247, United Independent 21,462, Prohibition 16. New Jersey: Conservative 16,253, Natural Law 6,928, Socialist 7,699. New Mexico: Better for America 3,854, Independent American 4,749. New York: Independence 432,943, Conservative 147,606, SAM 348, Women’s Equality 7,207. Oregon: Independent Party 130,668, Progressive 2,734. Utah: Independent American 53,375, United Utah 1,961.

Note that these are figures that were correct in October. All of the figures from the November 2020 were from October at the latest. Some states have tallies every month, so there is even newer data for those states, but the purpose of this paragraph is to complete the November 2020 B.A.N.

The paper edition of the November 2020 B.A.N. had incorrect percentages at the bottom of the columns. Also the national totals for the Green, Constitution, Working Families, Reform, and "other" parties were wrong. The correct data is shown on-line at ballot-access.org. Use the link to past print issues (on the upper right) and choose the November 2020 issue.