The Williamsport Sun-Gazette his this story about the Green, Libertarian, and Keystone Parties. All three are on the ballot for the statewide offices. The only statewide offices up this year in Pennsylvania are U.S. Senate, and Governor-Lieutenant Governor.

Polls this week are indicating Democrats are comfortably ahead in both statewide races. No one challenged any of the three minor party statewide petitions this year.

Pennsylvania law requires a party to have 15% of the statewide registration, in order to be truly ballot-qualified. No minor party has ever come close to meeting that standard, which has existed since 1986. However, if a minor party polls 2% of the winner’s vote for any statewide office, it is listed on voter registration forms, and is automatically on the ballot in special elections. Both the Libertarian Party and the Green Party have this status in Pennsylvania, because they met that vote test in 2020.

This news story says that Betsy Johnson, independent candidate for Governor of Oregon, spent $897,000 on her ballot access petition. She needed 23,744 valid signatures. She collected about 48,000, and the Secretary of State found 37,700 valid.

Every state has had at least one minor party or independent candidate for U.S. House on the November ballot during the elections of 2018, 2020, or 2022, except for Georgia. Georgia hasn’t had one since 1982, when the normal 5% petition was set aside due to late redistricting in the two Atlanta districts.

In 2022, every state will have had at least one minor party or independent candidate candidate for U.S. House on the ballot except for Georgia, New Hampshire, New Mexico, and Washington. And in 2020, New Hampshire had such candidates. New Mexico and Washington haven’t had any since 2018.